Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry

IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ON INDUSTRY Individual foresee BEng AE3082 PIYUM CHATHURANGA PALLIYAGURUGE K0920258 25/11/2011 Marked By Dr Andy Lung Contents Introduction2 Objectives3 Deliverables4 Literature redirect examination (Findings up to term)5 1. humanness(a) environmental issues and mandates5 2. environmental legislations and issues on the manuf titleuring patience and clobbers6 3. Aerospace associate environmental legislations and issues. 7 Gantt Chart9 Discussion10 Reference11 Bibliography11 Appendix11 Introduction The development of the world around us has been increasing rapidly in some(prenominal) atomic number 18as during the past years.As a outcome of the development the human lifestyle has become easier and efficient. Unfortunately these benefits from development restrain come at a price, the price been environmental defilement. The developing procedure affects the environmental stability of the world in many different shipway such as cli mate change, global warming and health hazards. With the heading of preventing or minimizing these negative effects, governments and opposite officials have brought forward many environmental regulations. These regulations have an influence on our daily lifestyle and on how industries hunt down.The story of environmental regulations in Europe goes back to the 19th century when the industrial revolution took place. In 1972 European officials alleged environmental policies with terzetto main objectives. The main objectives were to prevent and reduce environmental impairment, to support environmental stability and to fit the use of inborn resourcefulnesss. Since then the environmental policies has been changing and affecting many industries around the globe. many main industries include the building sedulousness, automotive industry, manu particularuring industry and air industry.Different industries handle environmental regulations using different approaches and the sp ecial allude on the industry differs from unmatched to an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal). Although the meet on the industries differ the ecumenic out comes by enforcing regulations leave al sensation remain the same. It is vital to pure tone in to the bigger picture of global environmental protection rather than precisely concentrating on minor drawbacks which can occurs during the protection bear upon. EU environmental Policies,2006 Environmental regulations to a fault have a significant effect on the world-wide overt.It is credible to state that environmental policies have changed almost every aspect of our lives. before long much than and more people consider been eco-friendly which can be seen from their conclusion making. in that location is a direct link between the public and the industries. If the industries introduce more eco-friendly products the public lead appreciate them and lead consume, the best slip for this is the hybrid car. This scenario in a ny case works the new(prenominal) way around if the public insist to have more efficient and eco-friendly products the industry will pass out their assumes.By making this connection stronger it will be easy to restore environmental stability and maintain it with less(prenominal) aggravation. Industries have taken many locomote to minimise pollution and to prevent proximo pollution. This take care will look in to the environmental impact on the air power (aerospace) industry and how it will affect the emerging of the industry and it will excessively investigate where the air power industry stands presently when it comes to environmental regulations. air travel pollution is highly undergo in and around airdromes.This is the agent why I take awayed this finickyised project. My future computer programme is to study further on Airport Planning and vigilance furthermore my ambition is to work for my unsophisticated Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a developing country which h as less experience on the subject of environmental pollution which is an different discernment for me to select this project. Objectives In order to cave in the proceedion of the project easy, the project is carried out in collar main dos. This will in addition help to be on track according to the project plan these three full points are illustrated as following.Stage 1 This pegleg helps to get an thinker on what the project is really about and gives an idea what to expect in the future. Stage one mainly involves general broad reading. Objectives for coif one is as follows. * Planning the project * What is environmental pollution about * The recital of the regulations established to protect the environment * Critical analysis of environmental regulations * How environmental regulations effect the general public * Environmental regulations and different industries * Future of the regulations * Introductions to airwave and environmental regulations * Any other general re adingStage 2 The stage twain helps to build up give opinions and exonerate more information on the actual subject. One other main objective in stage two is to think about possible applications for the project. The objectives for stage two is as follows. * Altering the project plan if needed * Regulations on the aviation industry * How the industry act according to the regulations * How different is the aviation industry when compared to other industries * structure up an own opinion on the subject * equivalently applications for the project * Report submission (the planning report)Stage 3 This is the final stage of the project where the possible application is developed based on own opinions of the subject. The reading done in this stage should be more contract on the subject. By doing search it is important to do an in-depth analysis of specific subject selective information. By stage three the application of the project should be specifying a particular subject, if the a pplication is too general or dialog about many issues it will be hard to reach to a conclusion for the project. The objectives for stage three are as follows. * In-depth reading on specify subject area (aviation) Working on one specific application * Coming to a conclusion based on the specified application * Presentation on the project * Report submission (final report) Deliverables General aim of the project was briefly explained earlier in the introduction. If it is to be recapped again, the general aim is to evaluate the impact by environmental legislations on the aerospace industry. For this particular topic on that point can be many end applications since it is a broad subject area, thusly it is important to narrow the subject matters into a one specified section and continue with the application.By the time the application is consummate there will be some deliverables. To explain the deliverables a potential application is used. The application used here might not be exac tly the same as the final application of the project since it is sole(prenominal) an sign application. Application Air Traffic (aviation) and environmental legislation What will be looked into? (What will be found out during the project? ) * How airlines operate (in the EU and Global) * Growth of the air transport * What is the impact What is the attitude from the airlines towards the regulations * Environmental damage including the present past and future * What will be the future for the aviation under the regulation * Comparison aviation to other industries (environmental aspects) * Some other points ( manufacture of aircrafts/economy/other related pollutions) * Finally criticizing the analysis with the own opinion Deliverables change according to a selected application. One other possible application that can be use is to look in to the manufacturing of aircrafts, materials used and how waste is treated according to environmental legislations.In order to gain all the mentione d deliverables the project should be at the end of stage three as stated in the objectives. Since this project is still at stage two the deliverables might change as the project progresses. Literature suss out (Findings up to date) The initial publications review was done in three categories which are, 1. General (any industry other than aerospace) environmental issues and legislations. 2. Environmental legislations and issue on manufacturing industry and materials. 3. Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues.This way of reading was used to occupy sure that a broad general k nowledge is gained on environmental subjects before stepping in to the specified topic. 1. General environmental issues and legislations History of the environmental policies, legislations and organisations EU Environmental Policies,2006 As mentioned earlier in the introduction the Environmental protection Agency (EPA) first brought forward official policies in 1973. Up to now 5 major regulati on changes were done by the EPA. Changes were done to manage current environmental issues which existed during specific times.EPA gatherings during the past years is as following, * maiden EPA 1973 Made rules to save water, air and soil. Since it was the first EPA many other new(a) rules were established. * 2nd EPA (1977-1981) Did not publish any new regulation. It was held to review the progress of the first EPA. * 3rd EPA (1982-1986) Discussion on the impact of environmental legislations and economy. waiver rules and how to effectively get rid of waste. * 4th EPA (1987-1992) Increasing the general caliber of the regulations. Introducing taxing and rise permits.Discussion on waste cycles. Analysing impacts on the economy caused by environmental regulations. Discussion on climate changes. * live on EPA up to date (1997-2003) Renewal of emission standards. * Nest EPA climate change, inwrought resources, recycling and so forth A critical analysis of EU environmental legi slations EU Environmental Policies,2006 * Environmental regulations change all the time. * In some cases environmental regulations has an influence on economy. * It has been 30 year from the beginning of the EPA plainly still they are ineffective to complete some projects.Natural resource use has been increase and destruction of cancel habitats has also increased. * The laws are not effective and regulations are not companionable for the public. The public should be educated more about pollution. Construction industry and environmental impact Natural Building Technology,2011 * The construction industry induce 7% (from the total) carbon dioxide in the UK. Using of buildings induce 50% carbon dioxide. * acquire rid of the waste is a major issue faced by the construction industry. * Construction industry requires natural resources such as wood. This leads to environmental pollution. Most of the natural resources are taken from China, India and South East Asia, therefore the damage is not directly done to the county where buildings are constructed. Environmental legislation impact on the automotive industry The give University,2003 * First emission standards were introduced in 1959 for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission. * Most of the world use emission examination for vehicles. * The regulations are tight on the diesel motor locomotive engine use. * Due to the regulations engine life span is getting less and new designs are introduced frequently. * Regulations has changed node point of view.They are looking for more efficient engines with less hitch for a reasonable price. * Due to the hybrid and electric vehicles the future of the diesel engine is not promising. 2. Environmental legislations and issues on the manufacturing industry and materials Environmental Materials UK midsection for Materials Education, 2011 * Stages of material usage include extraction, production, product design and disposal. * The subject environmental materials look in to the material structure, chemical and physical properties. Other than that it also looks in to the economical point of view. Picture below shows the lifecycle of a material Diagram 01, Life Cycle Analysis UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011 The impact of environmental regulations on the UK manufacturing sector Nottingham University, 2011 * In a country the economy and environmental pollution is not proportional if that country has proper regulations. * Current regulations act as a helping hand towards the development. * Some regulations are not helping innovation. * More flexible regulations are good for the economy. * UK manufactures always select the short term regulations. * Many companies now use materials with produce less waste. . Aerospace related environmental legislations and issues. Growth of aviation Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Since 2006 the suppuration has been 30% and it will double by 2020. The growth from 1995 to 2015 is nearly 300%. * Aviation has the highe st growth rate of all modern transport methods. * Global tax income passenger kilometres (RPK) increased by a factor of 4. 6 (since 1970-1995). RPK growth for different regions are- North the States 27. 5%/Europe 12. 5%/America to Europe 11%/ Asia to America to Europe 12. 7/rest of the world 36. 5%. barely by today Asia (china and India) has the highest RPK due to the rapid development. By 2015 310 million passengers will go through UK airports (in 1995 it was 126 million). Noise pollution by aviationProfessor John Whitelegg ,2000 * The preventive pollution is commonly experienced around the airports. Officials claims that the disruption footprint of the UK airports has gone down, but complaints from the public against the new terminal 5 in Heathrow airport proved that claim was wrong. * In Netherland note pollution by aircrafts is 12%. * UK officials claim that the number of people exposed to noise pollution has rapidly gone down, but Germany had done an investigation on the s ame matter and came up with a different claim.They stated that there is an increase in the number of people who are exposed. * Noise pollution effects human health in many different ways. pollution by aircraft emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Gasses which pollute the environment carbon monoxide/ north oxides/ ozone / particulate matter (PM)/ volatile organic compounds (VOC)/ sulphur dioxide. * UK officials claim that aviation pollution is insignificant, but US info for Zurich and Stockholm airports show that aviation emission pollution is significant in well-defined geographical area. flurry below shows the Heathrow airport annual emission data Diagram 02, Heathrow airport annual emission Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 * Prediction shows that by 2050 carbon dioxide will increase by 588% and nitrogen Oxide by 411%. * Aircraft emission at speed troposphere and lower stratosphere can cause serious climate change problems. insurance measures and management in aviation Pro fessor John Whitelegg ,2000 * There are few regulations for the aviation industry when compared to other industries. * Aviation industry should also follow regulations as other industries do. Current environmental regulations on aviation are out dated. * Aircraft fuel is not under any taxing. * To control pollution it is important to manage the transport demand. * If a new regulation is introduces it should be introduced step by step. All the above mentioned points are from initial literature review. These data are brief descriptions obtained from broad reading. More detailed data are available in the log book. Gantt Chart The time achievement from 29/09/11 to 25/11/11 represents the stage one and two from the objectives.By the time this report is completed this section will be completed. Stage one and two has only got four slots allocated and it is only a quarter of the total slots available. This shows that the amount of work which has to be done in stage 3 is comparatively high . The time allocation for specified reading, conceptualization for the final report and project seminar report and poster submission is comparatively high. These are very important tasks of the project therefore they are red ink to consume more time relative to other tasks. The third stage starts on the 26/11/11 and it ends on 26/04/12.Note A full sized Gantt chart is attached in the appendix. Discussion The initial literature review shows general connections and areas where environment regulations have failed to achieve the take results. The regulations have been there for almost 30 years now but still most of the issues are not completely solved. Greenhouse splash emission has considerably decreased during the past years, but the rate of chasten is not that impressive. The natural resource use has also rapidly increased up to a point where the general public can observe the effects of it.It is fair to say that the world is in desperate need of finding alternative sustainabl e energy methods to survive in the future. There is a hidden truth behind the use of natural resource by developed countries. Most of the developed countries have limited their natural resource use but in order to fulfil their needs, natural resources are imported from other developing countries. This may seem gravid on the developed countries side but what they do not make out is the fact that negative effects from harvesting natural resources (no matter where it comes from) is exit to be global.By going through the data I feel like the environmental regulations has gone easy on the aviation industry when compared to other industries. Best example for this is the fact that automotive emission percentages are declining plot aircraft emissions are on the rise. As an excuse for this most officials (mainly in the UK) compares data from 30 years back and claims, there is a drop in emission levels, but what they are not doing is, comparing data with other industries. If the emission is compared with other industries it will be glaringly obvious that more work should be done on aircraft emission standards.One main reason for the slackness towards the environmental regulation on aviation industry is that aircraft craft only contributes a small percentage towards the total pollution of the planet. But this claim is not that accurate, it doesnt take in to account the manufacturing process of aircrafts, natural resources used in the process and vehicle emissions due to airport traffic. Emission is not the only environmental problem caused by aviation, noise pollution is another main issue caused by aviation. New research shows that exposition to high noise levels can cause serious damage to people.People who are continually exposed to high noise levels are more likely to gain noise related health issues, due to this fact living near airports can be a prime reason for health hazards. Likewise there are many unsolved problems involving the environmental pollution and aircraft industry. More details regarding issues and practical solutions for the issues will be researched and criticised in the next stage of this project. Furthermore an appropriate application will also be used to narrow the subject in order to make it more specific.Reference * EU Environmental Policies, 2006 A short history of the indemnity strategies. Online Available at http//www. eeb. org/publication/chapter-3. pdf die hard accessed 20th Oct 2011 * Natural Building Technology, 2011 Environmental relate. Online Available at http//www. natural-building. co. uk/environmental_impact. html Last accessed 30th Sep 2011 * The Open University, 2003 Environmental legislation as a driver of design. Online Available at http//oro. open. ac. uk/13233/1/13233. df Last accessed 3th Oct 2011 * UK Centre for Materials Education, 2011 Environmental Materials. Online Available at http//www. materials. ac. uk/guides/environmental. asp Last accessed 24th Oct 2011 * Nottingham Univ ersity, 2011 The Impact of Environmental Regulations.. Online Available at http//www. nottingham. ac. uk/business/lizrr1_Profrep. pdf Last accessed 26th Oct 2011 * Professor John Whitelegg ,2000 Aviation the social, economic and environmental impact of flying Online Available at http//www. reco. org/air10. pdf Last accessed 27th Oct 2011 Bibliography * The Economic Impact of Environmental Regulation (Page 1) (http//web. mit. edu/polisci/mpepp/Reports/Econ%20Impact%20Enviro%20Reg. pdf) * Carbon Capture & Storage (http//www. scottish-enterprise. com//media/SE/Resources/Documents/ alphabet/Carbon-capture-and-storage-opportunities-for-Scotland. ashx) * Environmental law (http//www. ukela. org/rte. asp? id=14) Appendix