Examine Some of the Reasons Why Females Commit Less Crimes Than Males.

run across some of the reasons why egg-producing(prenominal)s may be less(prenominal) liable(predicate) than males to turn on offences. Wo hands in general seem to have a lower pace of offending than men. Some sociologists fill the view that it is social factors rather than biological factors that cause the gender differences in offending. Sociologists have put forward one-third main explanations of gender differences in crime, which atomic number 18 the sex billet surmise, the tell theory and the lighting thesis.The sex role theory and the meet theory both give us explanations for why females argon less likely than males to commit crimes, however the Liberation thesis argues this, and suggests there are no gender differences betwixt male and female crime rates. Gender differences in crime began by focussing on differences in the socialisation of males and females. Boys are encouraged to be tough, aggressive and risk fetching. This means they are more(prenominal)(pr enominal)(prenominal) disposed to commit acts of craze and take advantage of criminal opportunities when they position themselves to them.Parsons traced down differences in crime and deviance to the gender roles in thermonuclear families. Whilst men take the instrumental role of a breadwinner, women practise the expressive role in the rest home where they take the main province to socialise the children. As girls have access to an adult role prototype and boys to not it means that, boys are likely to reject feminine models of deportment that express tenderness, gentleness and emotion and distance themselves by engaging in compensatory compulsory masculinity through aggression and anti-social behaviour that lead to acts of misdeed more than women.Furthermore, new right theorists argue that the absence of male role models in matrifocal lone parent families leads to boys turning criminal. Also, men have oftentimes less of a socialising role than women in the conventional nucl ear family therefore socialisation for boys is much more difficult compared to girls. Cohen argued that this relative leave out of an adult male role model meant boys are more likely to turn to all male street gangs as a generator of masculine identity. In these subcultural groups, status is earned by acts of toughness, risk taking and delinquency.However, this sex role theory is criticized by Sandra Walklate for its biological assumptions. Walklate argues that Parsons assumption is that because women have the biological capacity to bear children, they are beaver suited to the expressive role. Furthermore, it is argued mainly by control theorists that women always adjust to men and their role as a housewife. Heidensohn expanded on this control theorist view and suggested, due to women being a part of a time-honored society it reduces their opportunity to offend as the nuclear family life style at home acts as a prison to them.He further notes that men are able to impose this co ntrol upon women through domestic rage and by controlling their finances it limits their activities. Daughters are also subject to antique control. Girls are less likely to be allowed to come and go as they please or to stay out late. As a yield they develop a bedroom culture socialising at home with friends rather than in public places, they are also required to do more housework than boys. As a result they have less opportunity to take part in deviant activities.Conversely, what Heidensohn doesnt take on board is that modern relationships straight offadays are much more equal and as the liberation theory argues, women have galore(postnominal) opportunities out-of-door the home and there has been a large increase in license for women. On the other hand, the liberation thesis debates that if society pay offs less gray and more equal then womens crime rates provide become similar to mens. Put forward by Adler, she suggests that as women become liberated from patriarchy the ir crimes will become as customary and as sedate as mens.Womens liberation has guide to a new type of female criminal and a originate in the female crime rate. The changes in the structure of society accord to Adler have led to changes in womens offending behaviour. As time-worn controls and discrimination have lessened, and opportunities in work and work have become more equal, women have begun to adopt traditionally male roles in both legitimate activity(work) and illegitimate activity (crime). As a result, women no long commit traditional female crimes such as shoplifting and prostitution.They now also commit typically male offences such as crimes of violence and white collar crimes. This is because of womens greater self -confidence and assertiveness, and the fact they now have greater opportunities in the legitimate structure. For example, there are more women in senior positions at work and this gives them the opportunity to commit serious white collar crimes such as fr aud. To support her view, Adler argued that the pattern of female crime has shifted.She cited studies showing rising levels of female participation in crimes previously regarded as male such as embezzlement and armed robbery. Nevertheless, many critics reject Adlers liberation thesis by arguing, the female crime rate began rising in the 1950s long before the womens liberation movement, which emerged in the late 1960s. Also that most female criminals are working class they are least likely to be influenced by womens liberation, which has benefited middle class women much more.According to Chesney- Lind in the USA poor and marginalised women are more likely to be criminals compared to liberated women. On the whole, it is arguable that females do commit fewer crimes than males simply due to their roles as housewives and the patriarchal society we live in today. Despite this, it is still considered through the liberation thesis that there are no gender differences with the rates of c rimes between males and females.