Positive Psychology Theory And Core Concepts Psychology Essay

compulsory Psychology Theory And Core Concepts Psychology EssaySchool bullying is a growing public concern as it freighter have detrimental effect on subjective well-being of children and adolescents worldwide. Bullying stomach be defined and refered to as intentional , oppresive behavior against an otherwise(prenominal) person that causes pysical and/psychological harm and can be classified into four categoriesPhysical bullying such as hitting, pushing, kicking, spiting and punching.Verbal bullying such as name-c tout ensembleing, teasing, insultting and verbal threats.Social exclusion behaviors behaviors such as ignoring victims, spreading rumours about victims, exclusing from social groups by indirect threats to friends of victims.Acts of extortion such as asking for money or other material objects.(Olweus, 1994).Bullying can have a negative effect on victims, bullies and bystanders and impact psychosocial and physical health as well as academic aspiration(Hui, Tsang Law, 201 1).Several research studies show that students with poor interpersonal relationships to family, peers and teachers are more prone to be collectd in peer victimization(Wong et al., 2008). Many of the victims of bullying hurt negative affects such as anger,anxiety,decreased self-esteem or depression(Ng Tsang,. 2008 Fung Wong,. 2007). Some victims of bullying may as a result turn into bullies themselves(Lam Liu,. 2007) and contribute to the comlex social interactions that involve schools, homes, parents, peers, adults, victims and bullies(Vreeman Carroll,. 2007). Many of the most common types of classroom and/or school antibullying interventions target three key areas training social skills, changing group norms and increasing self-efficacy((Hui, Tsang Law, 2011). .Egan Todorov (2009) name that implementing interventions across entire schools lead to higher rates of succes and implementing it into the regular curriculum would be most effective(Misha, 2008). Smith collegues(20 04) found that several factors that affected the school humour such as interpersonal relationships and the quality of communication were not usually implemented in the school-wide interventions. The social context play a key division in promoting bullying behavior (Espelage Swearer,. 2003) and in creating a negative school climate. Implementing a positive psychological science intervention might prove usefull as a positive school climate promote positive development in children and adolescents and reduce aggression.(MIshna,. 2008Smith et al,. 2004 Whitted Dupper,. 2005 Orpinas Horne,. 2006)Positive Psychology Theory and Core Concepts should be employ to facilitate long-term well-being in School bullyingPositive psychology is the scientific study to understand , test, discover and promote factors (e.g strengths and virtues) (Sheldon et. al. ,2000) that enable individuals and environments such as institutions and communities to thrive and flourish(Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 200 0). To Flourish means to live with an optimal range of human functioning which is showcaseized by four key components Goodness, Generativity, Growth and Resilience(Frederickson Losada,. 2005).Studies supports the adaptive personal effects of positive affects(for a review, see Lyubomirsky, King, Diener, in press) such as having a positive affect on attention(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005 Rowe , Hirsch Anderson,. 2005), change magnitude intuition(Bolte, Goschkey, Kuhl ,.2003), creativity and broaden behavioral repertoires(Frederickson Branigan,. 2005). Fredericksons (Frederickson, 2004). Positive emotions is a key component in intervention. The Broaden-and-build theory describes how positive emotions can broaden an individuals thought action patterns, and that although feeling good is a temporary experience, it can lead to a build up of enduring personal resources (social, intellectual, psychological and physical over time and this can produce an upward spiral towards increased subjective well-being(Frederikson, 2004). Hefferson Boniwell(2011) found that positive emotions not only mark or signal health and well-being, but also produce health and well-being this touch implies that the positive emotions transform individuals for the better and can make them more knowledgeable, effective, resilient and socially integrated()Frederickson, 2004). Isens (1990, p. 89) research also supports the broaden-and-build theory that positive emotions produces broad , flexible cognitive organization and ability to integrate diverse material. Negative emotions such as anxiety and depression can lead to a more narrow attention(Frederickson, 2004). An of the essence(predicate) question that arises when implementing the broaden-and-build theory is, how much positivity is needed to flourish(Frederickson, 2004). Negative emotions have always been the focus of traditional psychology and Baumeister, et al(2001) concluded that Bad is stronger than good and to be able to over am ount the overwhelming effect of negative emotions, Fredericks needed to found out how much positivity was enough to make a difference. With the help of Losada (1999) and other researchers (Losada Heaphy, 2004) Frederickson found the positivity ratio, stating that three positive emotions or more would negate one negative. This positivity ratio also has an upper limit where the effect decreases.It can be difficult to cultivate positivity as an individual, but there are several methods that Fredrickson Kurtz suggest might help, such as changing ones observation post from being positive to being open, appreciative.., curious and kind(2011. p. 44) but also that creating high quality relationships can prove valuable to increasing positive emotions.An evidence establish intervention plan tailored to case.The first part of my intervention(Gratitude Intervention) will focus on positive emotions in the PERMA model of well-being and the intervention method use will be to make the students keep a journal to count blessings for 2 weeks time. Froh, Sefick Emmons(2008) found that making students count blessings were associated with higher levels of optimism, life-satisfaction and lowered negative emotions.The sec part of my intervention will focus on building positive relationships by using the VIA-test from www.Viacharacter.org. VIA stands for values in action and is a self-report test that rest of 240 questions that will help individuals to identify their top character strengths out of the 24 strenghts in the VIA Classification. They will then form groups of in class based on the indentified strengths.Character strengths can then be implemented in a positive psychology intervention where the students are asked to apply one of their top character strengths in a new way, every day for one week. This is also congruent with the three pillars of positive psychology wich consist of positive experiences, strength based character and positive institutions. The PERMA model i s a model of well-being and consist of five important elements positive emotions, engagement, meaning, accomplishment and positive relationships. The 24 character strengths underpin all 5 elements in the PERMA model of well-being and using your highest strengths can lead to more postive emotions, more engagement, more accomplishment and to better relationships(Seligman, 2011 Hefferson Boniwell, 2011). The character strengths are split up up into 6 virtues.Wisdom and Knowledge creativity,curiosity,open- forelandedness,love of learning,perspective, innovation Courage bravery,persistence, integrity,vitalityHumanitylove,kindness, social intelligenceJustice citizenship, fairness, leadership Temperanceforgivenessandmercy,humility,prudence,self controlTranscendence perceptivity of beauty and excellence,gratitude,hope,humor,spiritualityCritical reflections about your intervention plan What might the pitfalls be?One of the main pitfalls of my intervention plan is positive psychology relie s heavily on the notion that there are only negative or positive emotions, but Larsen et al.(2001,2004) concluded that this view is too simplistic as feelings are a great deal mixed. Hefferon Boniwell (2011, p22-223) also argues that hope on one hand can be positive, but also lead to negative emotions like anxiety. Other researchers critize that positive psychology focuses to much on positivity and thus negating the potential of benifits of negative moods, such as bonding over negative complaints and events(Kowalski, 2002). Positive psychology interventions does not come with a one-size fits all as individuals, institutions and countries might have similar values or strengths but different ways of expressing them. Defensive pessimism might be some other way of expressing this for certain individuals. The body of research being conducted on children and adolescents is growing. The interventions might also come of as being some kind of overt mind control when we try to make individ uals focus on only the positive aspects of life.

Essay on Imagery in King Lear -- King Lear essays

Imagery in King Lear In the immense amount of writing that William Shakespeare had done in his career as a playwright and or writer in general there are bound to be some consistencies and reoccurring themes that make his writing so popular and interesting. In many cases it is fractious to tell whether the thematic structure that many writers follow is intentional or not, and it is possible that there is a reasoning for a specific class of imagination that a writer likes to outline his/her writing after. There are dominating images which are characteristic of Shakespeares work throughout, however in some of the sooner plays they are very obvious and in many cases intentional. Imagery, as defined by the Sixth Edition Handbook to Literature, is in its literal sense a collection of images in a literary work that may be an object, phrase or entity. The Handbook explains that imagery is often not intentional but seems to be a basis for a look at a deeper meaning of a certain(preno minal) piece of work. It is important to be aware of certain recurrent images which are symbolic in Shakespeare such as the use of light and its components in Romeo and Juliet, disease and how it is use in King Lear and what I get out be discussing in this paper the use of the means as an entity and how it is used in the dramas written by William Shakespeare. The kernel image is seen literally over a thousand times in the works of Shakespeare with a frequency of almost thirty per play and mostly in the tragedies. With so many references of the heart used in the tragedies and the typical time frame used to perform each play, which was about two hours, the audience might hear twelve to fifteen heart images an hour and... ...est of the play. King Lear is a man who is portrayed as a very compassionate man who lives on the fact that his trust in his daughters will never be abandoned. The betrayal by his loved ones sets up the impact of the play which in turn shows how dramatic the use of the heart and all of its imagery components is for King Lear. At the end of the play when Lear loses his last daughter Shakespeare leads us to understand that he had lead a life of war and turmoil and has change himself from being a bitter, crusty, old man into becoming a caring and complete human being. Some critics say that Lear might have died from a heart attack from all the stress he had to endure in such a short amount of time. I think he died from a blue heart from the loss of his daughters, his sanity, and the peaceful life he so desired during his retirement from the throne.

William Staffords Traveling Through the Dark Essay -- Stafford Travel

Profound Meaning in William Staffords Traveling Through the DarkThe power of the poet is not merely to convey an everyday scene into a literary portrait of words, but also to interweave this scene into an underlying theme. The only(prenominal) tool the poet has to wield is the word. Through a c areful placement and selection of words, the poet place hopefully make his point clear, but not blatantly obvious. Common themes of poems are life, death, or the conflicting forces thereto. This theme could never possibly be overused because of the perennial and limitless ways of portraying life or death through the use of different words. In William Staffords Traveling Through the Dark, there are conflicting themes between birth and death, man and nature, and ultimately creation and destruction. It would take several years for a fully grown doe to develop, but it would only take a few seconds for that doe to be killed. Using the tools of the poet, Stafford vividly illustrates a scene in w hich man has completely destroyed and felt no remorse for a product of nature. This disrespect would only lead the driver to travel through the moral darkness of insensitivity and desecration towards nature. There it lay. A shortly doe in middle of the road. The previous driver obviously had not thought twice after hitting the deer and had no unassumingness towards nature nor the decency to at least move the form off the narrow road. The deer lay in the road, unburied, uncared for, unmourned, and untended. Ironically, if the carcass had remained on the road, it might have meant the fetching of the life of another driver as Stafford stated in line 4 that road is narrow to swerve might make more dead. The tone of this poem is one of sadness, but also blata... ...le impact of a car, lasting no longer than a few seconds. With few moral decisions made, the only road that lies as a result, is the road to death and ultimate degradation of society and nature both. In Staffords poem, it was only the duty of the narrator to roll the carcass off the road and into the river, this duty fulfilled was only provoked by the lack of duty of another. Through the use of several poetic techniques, Stafford describes in a few words what would take somebody hundreds of words to describe. The brutal and harsh theme of his poem is supported by vivid images and symbols, which spotlight the situation at hand. By applying a common situation like an incidence of road-kill to all of human-kinds view towards nature, Stafford finished with a simple situation with a profound meaning. accomplishment CitedStafford, William. Traveling through the Dark

Quit Your Job - Buy and Sell Websites for a Living! :: Sell Websites Buy Websites

Quit Your Job - Buy and Sell Websites for a LivingReprinted with permission of VotanWeb.comThe production line market and real estate industry have long been populated by day traders and flippers, those that buy and sell in a short finis of time in order to make a quick profit. In the real estate industry the life of a house flipper nookie be actually appealing. Buy a renovators dream property at a discounted price, renovate and modernize it and then sell it at a few months later at a profit. This process can then be repeated over and over. Buying and selling businesses is appealing tho given the high costs of making the purchase it is quite difficult to start, especially as a young entrepreneur. If you go wrong you may final stage up loosing a lot of money (just as you can with the stock market and real estate), so you really want to be sure of your skills and efficiency before investing. The Internet is very in the altogether and the whole online commerce industry is just e stablishing merchandising practices that work. Quite frankly, most of the people running businesses online have very poor websites. A lot of people running universal sites are not taking advantage of their traffic by monetizing it (this could be by plectron or ignorance). Making a profit may be as simple as go throughing a smart AdSense campaign on a popular site after buying it from an owner wishing to move on to other things. Perhaps an e-commerce site could use some search engine marketing or some tweaking to an AdWords campaign might do the trick, or better still, monetize, optimize, affiliate and upsell for maximum gain - make use of all the marketing tricks at your disposal. Im sure if we did some statistical sampling of the web industry search engine optimization techniques would be understood by a minority of webmasters and implemented well by even fewer. Search engine optimization is becoming mainstream and no doubt as the web continues to mature more than and more peop le will study, test and build better websites, but its definitely still early days. What this says to me is business opportunity. For those with the know-how, the energy to implement and a little bit of funds to buy the sites there are big gains to be made. What makes it even more appealing, especially for young or new entrepreneurs, is the price - we are talking about a lot less funds then it would take to invest in stocks, buy property or purchase a bricks and mortar business.

Gangs and Violence in California Essay -- Gang Essays

Gangs and Violence in CaliforniaThis paper was done in chemical reaction to an article that I came across in which a child was convicted as an adult for homicide. The homicide was supposedly gang-related the young child that was only 14 years of come on was painted as an entrenched gang member. This article made me conjecture what contri just nowed to this situation and how it can be eradicated from todays society so this leave never happen to any of our youth.The solutions provided in this document are a response to the growing need for schools, school districts, county offices of education, and state legislatures to address youth gangs.Children are our greatest asset in the world today They give parents the greatest tanging in the world. Parents go through their childrens fears, disappointments and tears and still feel the great energy that radiates around them. Parents feel and shape every aspect of their children however, the most influential program shaping children t oday is their educational system. Parents think that direct their children to get an education does nothing more than give their child a chance to succeed in life, what a powerful influence education is. When we think of power influences we want them to be the best, this tends not be the case. In fact schools are on a steady decline in the field of nurturing our children but rather they fill our childrens gaps in their lives with very harmful, manipulative themes. A prominent harmful, manipulative theme that is becoming increasingly a younger line is gangs. Gangs, and more specifically, gang violence is a growing phenomena among children among middle school and even elementary kids. Gangs are becoming more attractive to our young ones. As a result, more childr... ...icano Fellows Program. Stanford, 1994.Gangs. 27 Feb. 2004 Online http//ojjdp.ncjrs.org/jjbulletin/9804/gangs.htmlGoldstein, Arnold P., C. Ronald Huff, eds. The Gang Intervention Handbook. Champaign Research Press, 1993.Hill, Sylvia. Interview with Assistant Principal, SCS of Charles Drew Middle School in Los Angeles, CA. Telephone Interview. 16 Feb. 2004.Kinnear, Karen L. Gangs Contemporary World Issues. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO, 1996.Sanders, William B. Gangbangs and Drive-bys Grounded Culture and Juvenile Gang Violence. New York Gruyter, 1994. coupled States. Cong. House. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Youth Violence. 105th Cong., 1st sess. Washington 1997.United States. Cong. Joint. Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime and Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth, and Families. 105th Cong., 1st sess. Washington 1997.

John Heartfield :: Essays Papers

John Singer Sargent Recognized as the leading portraitist in England and the United States at the turn of the century, John Singer Sargent was acclaimed for his elegant and very stylish depictions of high society. Known for his technical ability, he shunned traditional academic precepts in favor of a modern approach towards technique, color and form, thereby making his own special contribution to the history of grand manner portraiture. A true cosmopolite, he was as well a mountain lion of plain air landscapes and genre scenes, drawing his subjects from such diverse locales as England, France, Italy and Switzerland. In so doing, Sargent besides played a live role in the history of British and American Impressionism. Sargent was born in Florence in 1856. He was the first child of Dr. Fitzwilliam Sargent, a surgeon from an old forward-looking England family, and Mary Newbold Singer, the daughter of a Philadelphia merchant. His parents were among the many prosperous Americans who adopted an outcast-like lifestyle during the later nineteenth century. Indeed, Sargents family traveled constantly throughout the Continent and in England, a mode of living that enriched Sargent both culturally and socially. He ultimately became fluent in French, Italian and German, in addition to English. Having developed an interest in drawing as a boy, Sargent received his earliest formal instruction in Rome in 1869, where he was taught by the German-American landscape painter Carl Welsch. Following this, he attended the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence during 1873-74. In the spring of 1874, Sargents family moved to Paris, enabling him to continue his training there. He soon entered the studio of Charles-Emile-Auguste Carolus-Duran. In contrast to most French academic painters, Carolus-Duran taught his students to paint directly on the canvas, capturing the essence of his subject through relaxed brushwork, a tonal palett e and strong chiaroscuro. Although Sargent also spent four years studying drawing under Lon Bonnat at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, it was Carolus-Durans approach that would form the aesthetic footing of his style. Upon his teachers advice, Sargent also traveled to Spain and Holland to study the work of old master painters such as Diego Velzquez and Frans Hals, both of whom also employed skilled, fluid techniques.

Do The Right Thing Essay -- essays research papers

Director and actor Spike Lee presents his "truth" about career relations in his movie Do the Right Thing. The film exhibits the spectacle of opaque discrimination and racial altercations. Through serious, angry, and loud sounds, Lee stays true to the ethnicity of his characters, both of which reflect their own individualism. Lee uses insulting diction and intense scenes to expose how severe racism can lead to violence.The disturbing scene where different nationalities besiege their opinions on each other installs poor communication and horrible stereotyping. This is an guinea pig of antilocution. Pinos Italian slang, Mookies black talk, and Korean obscenities are all mixed together to show how communication grows impossible among different ethnic groups. Spike Lee is act to show how nonsense language results in a snowball effect which worsens any situation.The theme of trust appears in scenes involving the same race or color. In the same way, distrust shows among b atch of different backgrounds. Radio Raheem and Mookie engage in a significant conversation of love and hate. Raheem tells, "Right hand is for love, left for hate. single is always fighting the other." Through Raheems character, Lee expresses black brotherhood and trust in the midst of people of the same ethnicity. In the present, people still carry that shut out bond within their own nationality. If Radio Raheem as well as the people of today open a hand with trust in someone of different origin from themselves, ... Do The Right Thing Essay -- essays research papers Director and actor Spike Lee presents his "truth" about race relations in his movie Do the Right Thing. The film exhibits the spectacle of black discrimination and racial altercations. Through serious, angry, and loud sounds, Lee stays true to the ethnicity of his characters, all of which reflect their own individualism. Lee uses insulting diction and intense scenes to show how severe racism can lead to violence.The disturbing scene where different nationalities badger their opinions on each other shows poor communication and horrible stereotyping. This is an example of antilocution. Pinos Italian slang, Mookies black talk, and Korean obscenities are all mixed together to show how communication grows impossible among different ethnic groups. Spike Lee is trying to show how nonsense language results in a snowball effect which worsens any situation.The theme of trust appears in scenes involving the same race or color. In the same way, distrust shows among people of different backgrounds. Radio Raheem and Mookie engage in a significant conversation of love and hate. Raheem tells, "Right hand is for love, left for hate. One is always fighting the other." Through Raheems character, Lee expresses black brotherhood and trust between people of the same ethnicity. In the present, people still carry that close bond within their own nationality. If Radio Raheem as well as the people of today open a hand with trust in someone of different origin from themselves, ...